Do Fibroids Harm Pregnancy? Causes, Concerns, and Treatments
3 min read
Pregnancy is an exciting and emotional time, but it can also bring concerns, especially for women with uterine fibroids. These noncancerous growths often raise questions about how they might affect fertility or pregnancy. This article explains the causes of fibroids, potential risks during pregnancy, and the treatment options available.
What Are Fibroids?
Fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are benign tumours that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. They vary in size, number, and location, and are more common in women aged 30-50, though they can occur earlier. Many women with fibroids are asymptomatic and may not even know they have them until an ultrasound is performed.
Common symptoms, when present, include:
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pain
- Pressure in the lower abdomen
- Complications with fertility or pregnancy (in some cases)
Causes of Fibroids
The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but several factors contribute to their development:
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Hormonal influences:
Oestrogen and progesterone, the hormones regulating the menstrual cycle, appear to promote fibroid growth.
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Genetic factors:
Having a family history of fibroids can raise the risk of developing them.
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Lifestyle factors:
Obesity, poor diet, and certain environmental exposures may increase risk.
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Age:
Fibroids are more common during reproductive years and often shrink after menopause.
Do Fibroids Harm Pregnancy?
For many women, fibroids do not interfere with conception or pregnancy. However, complications can arise depending on the size, number, and location of the fibroids. Some potential concerns include:
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Miscarriage:
Large or multiple fibroids, especially those that distort the uterine cavity, may increase the risk of miscarriage.
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Preterm labour:
Fibroids can sometimes trigger early contractions, increasing the chance of preterm birth.
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Placental complications:
In some cases, fibroids may affect the placement of the placenta, leading to conditions like placenta previa.
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Fetal growth restriction:
Rarely, large fibroids can limit space in the uterus, affecting fetal growth.
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Pain during pregnancy:
As fibroids grow, they may cause discomfort, pressure, or acute pain, particularly if they outgrow their blood supply and begin to degenerate.
It’s important to note that many women with fibroids experience normal, healthy pregnancies. The risk largely depends on individual circumstances, which is why regular monitoring and consultation with a gynaecologist are essential.
Treatment and Management Options
Management of fibroids during pregnancy focuses on monitoring and symptom relief rather than surgical intervention, unless necessary. Common approaches include:
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Regular ultrasounds:
To monitor fibroid growth and check for any complications affecting the baby or mother.
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Pain management:
Safe medications may be prescribed to ease discomfort.
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Lifestyle adjustments:
Adequate rest, hydration, and nutrition can help manage symptoms.
For women planning pregnancy who have significant fibroids, treatment options before conception may include:
- Medication: Certain hormonal therapies can reduce fibroid size.
- Minimally invasive procedures: Techniques like myomectomy can remove fibroids while preserving the uterus.
- Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight and balanced diet may help reduce fibroid progression.
Conclusion
Fibroids can raise concerns for women planning or experiencing pregnancy, but with careful monitoring and timely intervention, most women with fibroids go on to have successful pregnancies. Understanding the causes, recognising potential risks, and discussing treatment options with a trusted gynaecologist are key steps to ensuring maternal and fetal health.
At Apollo Cradle’s maternity hospital in Hyderabad, we prioritisepersonalised care and support for every woman navigating the challenges of fibroids and pregnancy. With the right guidance, you can approach pregnancy with confidence and peace of mind.
